Sunday, 13 March 2016

P1(a) Ownership

*Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation or media convergence) is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms. (wikipedia)

Example:Paramount
Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio, television production company and motion picture distributor, consistently ranked as one of the "Big Six" film studios of Hollywood. It is a subsidiary of U.S. media conglomerate Viacom.

In 1966, the Oil Capital Group bought Paramount, making it a subsidiary of Gulf and Western oil companies. In 1970s, with the revival of the US film industry, Paramount filmed "The Godfather" (two sets), "Grease", "weekend carnival" and other high box office movie, the company had a surplus, and in 1978, It reached a record.

In 1993, Viacom and the former Paramount CEO Barry Diller had a fierce competition and finally, Viacom won this battle with $10 billion.

Viacom is the present owner.


Viacom Inc. (short for Video & Audio Communications) is an American global mass media company with interests primarily in, but not limited to, cinema and cable television. It is the world's fifth largest broadcasting and cable company in terms of revenue (behind Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, Time Warner, and 21st Century Fox, respectively). Voting control of Viacom is held by National Amusements, Inc., a privately owned theater company controlled in turn by billionaire Sumner Redstone. Redstone also holds, via National Amusements, a controlling stake in CBS Corporation.(wikipedia)

Senior managers










Saturday, 12 March 2016

P1(b) Operating model

Viacom's Brands
Viacom is home to the world's premier entertainment brands that connect with audiences through compelling content across television, motion picture, online and mobile platforms in over 160 countries and territories.

With media networks reaching approximately 700 million global subscribers, Viacom's leading brands include MTV, VH1, CMT, Logo, BET, CENTRIC, Nickelodeon, Nick Jr., TeenNick, Nicktoons, Nick at Nite, COMEDY CENTRAL, TV Land, SPIKE, Tr3s, Paramount Channel and VIVA.


Paramount Pictures
America's oldest film studio and creator of many of the most beloved motion pictures, continues today as a major global producer and distributor of filmed entertainment.

The company’s labels include Paramount Pictures, Paramount Vantage, and Paramount classic, MTV Films, Nickelodeon Movies and DreamWorks Studios.PPC operations also include Paramount Digital Entertainment, Paramount Home Entertainment, Paramount licensing Inc, Paramount studios and worldwide Television Distribution.

Brad Alan Grey
Image result for Brad GreyThe chairman and CEO of Paramount Pictures, a position he has held since 2005. Under Grey’s leadership, Paramount finished No. 1 in global market share in 2011 and No. 2 domestically in 2008, 2009 and 2010 despite releasing significantly fewer films than its competitors. He also has produced eight out of Paramount's 10 top-grossing pictures of all time since he succeeded Sherry Lansing in 2005.





Frederick Huntsberry 
Frederick Huntsberry was named Chief Operating Officer, Paramount Pictures in July 2006.  He is responsible for worldwide strategic planning and operations for the studio including finance, IT, human resources, industrial relations, studio operations, parks and resorts, sourcing, community and government relations and the office of the general counsel.








Rob Moore
Rob Moore serves as the Vice Chairman of Paramount Pictures, overseeing the studio’s Worldwide Marketing, Distribution, Home Entertainment, Digital, Interactive, Television, Licensing, and Business Affairs divisions. He joined Paramount in 2005 as President of Worldwide Marketing, Distribution and Operations and was named to his current post in 2008.







Marc Evans

Marc Evans is President, Motion Picture Group at Paramount Pictures, a position he assumed in 2015. He most recently served as President of Production. Evans joined Paramount in August 2003 as Vice-President of Production before being promoted to Senior Vice President in 2006 and Executive Vice President in 2008.

Friday, 11 March 2016

P1(c) Products

VIACOM MEDIA NETWORKS

Viacom Media Networks is the largest portfolio of ad-supported cable networks in the United States, in terms of audience share. It is also among the most vibrant, diverse and culturally relevant collection of brands in media and entertainment. MTV is the cultural home of the Millennial Generation. Nickelodeon is the number one brand for kids. Comedy Central is the number one brand in comedy. BET is the leading provider of content for African-Americans and all who celebrate black culture. Each of the Viacom Media Networks brands develop original content based on the deep insights and connections they cultivate with the audience. 
Viacom Media Networks brands are divided into four groups: BET Networks, including BET and Centric; the Entertainment Group, including Comedy Central, Spike and TV Land; the Music Group, including CMT, Logo, MTV and VH1; and the Nickelodeon Group, which includes Nickelodeon and its related brands.

PARAMOUNT PICTURES CORP

One of the largest entertainment and media brands in the world, Paramount Pictures Corporation is responsible for the worldwide production, sales and marketing of films from prestigious and internationally recognized movie labels. The company is responsible for distributing filmed entertainment from Paramount Pictures, Paramount Vantage, Paramount Animation, Insurge Pictures, MTV Films and Nickelodeon Movies.
VIACOM INTERNATIONAL MEDIA NETWORKSWith a variety of brands that span the globe, Viacom International Media Networks offers viewers endless options when it comes to choosing their entertainment and how to get it. Multimedia brands like MTV, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, BET, VH1, Paramount Channel, VIVA, MTVNHD, Tr3s: MTV, Musicá y Mas, TMF (The Music Factory), COLORS and Game One give audiences around the world access to their favorite entertainment via more than 160 locally programmed and operated TV channels and more than 500 digital media properties. 

Thursday, 10 March 2016

P1(d) Market position

Paramount's market position

This is the ranking of the studio's Box Office from January to April in 2016. Paramount is the fourth and it has 9.5% views and $311.6 million Gross.
The top one is 20 Century Fox, it has 23.4% Market share of visits, and $766.1 million.

Wednesday, 9 March 2016

P1(e) Competitors

Paramount VS Warner Bros

Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. 
(commonly known as Warner Bros., Warners, or simply WB) is an American company that produces film, television and music entertainment. As one of the major film studios, it is a division of Time Warner, with its headquarters in Burbank, California



This a Box Office ranking in 2016.
From this graph, we can see that Warner Bros got 12.5% views and $408,7 million gross. Paramount only got 9.5% views and $311.6 million gross.


Tuesday, 8 March 2016

P2(a-g) Analysis of a Media Product

Meaning

Film studios produce films they think will draw in large audiences and make them a profit over the amount of money spend on the film. They choose content, style, and production techniques they know are popular in the industry and will bring people in to see their movie and buy their merchandise.  


Products
One of these films is Transformers, made in 2007 and directed by Michael Bay. 

Introduction &Purpose

This film is related to a franchise that pre-existed the movies made by Michael Bay. It would therefore already have an audience that would want to see the films. The familiar story draws crowds in while also opening up the potential to add new insights and storylines that are more relevant to the market and audience filmmakers want to address in the present day. Not only are they representing the franchise, but also the production studios, such as DreamWorks SKG, that allow the production to happen.
The plot of this movie is centered on a young man, Sam Witwicky, who teams up with Autobots to destroy Decepticons and prevent them from harvesting enough energy to exterminate mankind. Sam is the great-great-grandson of Archibald Witwicky, an explorer who discovers a crashed and frozen Megatron and accidentally has the power from AllSpark absorbed into his glasses. The glasses later come into Sam’s possession, and when he buys his first vehicle, which ends up being Optimus Prime, his journey to helping to save the world begins. AllSpark is the technology that can be harvested by transformers, who are from the planet Cybertron, and brings them life. When they access this power, they have the potential to wipe out humankind. This is why Optimus Prime, an Autobot, tries to get the AllSpark out of reach of Megatron, a Decepticon, who goes after it and ends up with it on earth. The U.S. military is also involved, as they want to be able to harvest the power of AllSpark as well. In the end, all of the Decepticons are defeated except Starscream. The rest of the Autobots are invited to earth to live among the humans disguised by the machinery they are able to transform into.

Transformers is a 2007 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. The film, which combines computer animation with live-action, is directed by Michael Bay, with Steven Spielberg serving as executive producer. It is the first installment of the live-action Transformers film series. It stars Shia LaBeouf as Sam Witwicky, a teenager who gets caught up in a war between the heroic Autobots and the villainous Decepticons, two factions of alien robots who can disguise themselves by transforming into everyday machinery, primarily vehicles. The Autobots intend to use the AllSpark, the object that created their robotic race, in an attempt to rebuild Cybertron and end the war while the Decepticons desire control of the AllSpark with the intention of using it to build an army by giving life to the machines of Earth. Tyrese Gibson, Josh Duhamel, Anthony Anderson, Megan Fox, Rachael Taylor, John Turturro, and Jon Voight also star while voice actors Peter Cullen and Hugo Weaving voice Optimus Prime and Megatron respectively.




Genre


Transformers is an American sci-fi movie. An ancient struggle between two Cybertronian races, the heroic Autobots and the evil Decepticons, comes to Earth, with a clue to the ultimate power held by a teenager.The Autobots learn of a Cybertronian spacecraft hidden on the moon, and race against the Decepticons to reach it and to learn its secrets.

This movie falls under many different genres, including action, science fiction, adventure and thriller. Action is its most important feature as the spectacular fight and escape scenes are what draw in most audiences. It is sci-fi in the way that it uses alien machine races from another planet that have the capacity to take over human life. Sam is forced into this conflict without really wanting it, and he has to learn how to become a hero and save mankind, which puts the film within the adventure genre. Finally, it is a thriller because there is suspense and fear that Sam will not be successful, the Decepticons will win, and mankind will be eliminated. 
Style
This film depends a lot on spectacle. It is typical of Michael Bay movies in this respect. There are very exciting, loud scenes that involve death and destruction. Sometimes, there is no dialogue at all, as almost entire scenes just feature characters fighting or trying to run away from other characters. Typical car chases, explosions, and more are used to create this exciting kind of film. 
Content
This work is a film, so it depends on video and audio. The video often has quick-moving shots that establish how quickly the plot is moving along. There are also a lot of explosions, dirt flying, and loud noises that ilustrate the danger, destruction and the excitement of what is happening to the characters. The inclusion of the U.S. military, especially secret services, such as Sector Seven, which tries to interfere with Sam saving the world in order to steal the AllSpark technology, also add to the danger and destruction of the movie. The fact that Sector Seven is shut down in the end shows that saving the world is more than just about shutting down the threatenig alien forces, but is also about stopping the threatening forces on Earth. 





Meaning 
People like action films with big spectacles. It draws in audiences, as it is exciting to watch, even if the plot is not very good. Michael Bay is especially known for making films that are very visually exciting. What people can take away from the film beyond the excitement is the underdog story of Sam. Sam did not ask to get involved in the war between the Autobots and Decepticons. He is only involved because he had the glasses that absorbed some of the Decepticons’ power after an ancestor of his had discovered Megatron. Still, he eventually accepts his responsibility even though there is danger involved, and he risks his life in order to save the world. Sam becomes an inspiring character who grows into an adult throughout the film, in front of the audience’s eyes, which is meant to give people the courage to do the same, whatever trials they may face. 


The contrast of the images of Sam doing regular school-aged boy things, like trying to pursue his crush who ends up helping Sam and the Autobots defeat the Decepticons, with the images of him after all of the battles, are used to show his transformation. At first, he is a relatable character, and after everything has happened he becomes an inspiration for other people to face their fears and fight their battles. 

Main Cast


Content

A long time ago, far away on the planet of Cybertron, a war is being waged between the noble Autobots (led by the wise Optimus Prime) and the devious Decepticons (commanded by the dreaded Megatron) for control over the Allspark, a mystical talisman that would grant unlimited power to whoever possesses it. The Autobots managed to smuggle the Allspark off the planet, but Megatron blasts off in search of it. He eventually tracks it to the planet of Earth (circa 1850), but his reckless desire for power sends him right into the Arctic Ocean, and the sheer cold forces him into a paralyzed state. His body is later found by Captain Archibald Witwicky, but before going into a comatose state Megatron uses the last of his energy to engrave into the Captain's glasses a map showing the location of the Allspark, and to send a transmission to Cybertron. Megatron is then carried away aboard the Captain's ship. A century later, Captain Witwicky's grandson Sam Witwicky.

Meaning

there’s viable media that entertains both adults and children alike -- take Phil Lord and Chris Miller’s recent ‘The LEGO Movie,’ or even the films of Pixar. But, those films are primarily made for a youthful audience and they appeal to the inner child in every adult. These films refuse to talk down to their target audience, which is why they feel more mature in both humor and subject matter, and why they can appeal to all ages. Michael Bay takes a weird, reverse approach with the ‘Transformers’ films: the primary target audience for these films is adults, but Bay is talking down to them as if they were children, and the humor and subject matter is exceedingly regressive.

Post-production

Post-production is frequently a total mystery to fans. Once is film is finished, sometimes a studio will release concept art or set photos showing us pre-production. We see the actual production on the screen and in lots of behind the scenes featurettes. But once filming is done, you’d think the movie was magically willed into existence with special effects, music and sound, all perfectly timed to specially selected shots.

Of course, that’s not the case. Post-production frequently takes much longer than either of the other two thirds of production, and is really where the film is found. You just don’t see the process because it all takes place behind closed doors. So it’s a rare treat anytime we get a glimpse at the post-production process on any movie. It’s especially exciting when we get the see how a big name filmmaker does it.

Which leads us to this awesome new video called “Transformers 4: The Final Touches.”


This film is based on a cartoon that was popular in the 1980s as well as a comic book franchise, and so the races of Transformers, the story surrounding them, their images and their abilities already existed. Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman wrote the screenplay that was used. However, John Rogers wrote the first version of a screenplay for this film. Steven Spielberg, the executive producer, wanted the focus to be on the character of Sam and his car that he eventually realizes is a transformer. Orci and Kurtzman were fans of the franchise and were excited about the opportunity to write the script and to turn it into a coming-of-age story rather than it just being about robots or military action. The addition of and focus on this adventure and coming-of-age story added more to the film than it just being about spectacle. It gave audiences a character they could relate to and aspire to be like. The introduction of the new writers ended up being crucial to the film’s success, showing that it is not worth settling on first versions of scripts. 

When Bay was first asked to direct the film, he found that it was geared too much to children and so he started to increase the military’s role in the film as well as add more excitement through explosions and battles. This benefited the film because it made it enjoyable for adults as well as children. 

The team also partnered with Hasbro to create the images of the robots in the movie. Hasbro designed toy versions that could be sold in conjunction with the film to maximize profits and get people excited for the movie to come out. This affected the characters’ names, as they were decided after the toy versions of them were built so that they could match their designs. 

The design of the robots also depended on the vehicles they transformed from. The film depended on a product placement deal with General Motors, who supplied the “normal” versions of the transformers, or the versions that allowed them to blend in on earth. This supply consisted of nearly 200 cars. So many were needed because they were often destroyed in scenes featuring explosions or chases. Once the robots transformed, they had to look like aliens and not like the machines they transformed from so that these forms were distinguished from their earth machine forms. 


The movie was filmed over 83 days. Most of the shots depended on there being many different cameras involved filming many different angles so that they could be edited together in quick succession later, which adds to the action-packed feel of the movie. The film used iconic places such as the Hoover Dam and the Pentagon and other places around the U.S. that would make the film feel familiar and American. 
It also depended on CGI, or computer-generated imagery, obviously because transformers are not real and it is cheaper to animate the transformers than build functional robots that could act the parts. The animations are incredibly detailed to make them feel realistic, and the animators studied machines and older concept versions of transformers to create these images.
Overall, many people contributed to the film and a lot of work and different teams went into creating this blockbuster movie that went on to have two sequels and a lot of merchandise and products associated with it. 

Camera Angles


More than 750 parts stretching a half-mile long. Some 350 engineers working round-the-clock. Thousands of rusty, old mechanic photos — clutch plates, transmissions, brake discs — spilling across the table. All for one beat-up Camaro? Sure doesn't sound like your average auto manufacturer.

"The idea is they're not fresh off the showroom floor," says Jeff White, the man charged with creating the yellow sports car and 13 others for a big new garage. He's right: They're supposed to look realer than that. And be from outer space. And turn into 30-ft. robots. And save the universe.

That's all in a day's work for the motor magicians at George Lucas's Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), who for the last two years have been juggling the limits of the possible (turning a real car into a fake robot and figuring out what the heck to put inside) and the demands of reality (studio budgets, GM sponsorship, the wrath of fanboys worldwide) to build the most painstaking — and maybe most believable — effects achievement in movie history: Transformers.

Monday, 7 March 2016

P3(a-d) Demographics of the target audience



Box Office
Worldwide, the film was the highest grossing non-sequel film in 2007. It grossed $709.7 million, making it Bay's third highest grossing film to date, with only the two sequels surpassing this amount. It was also the fifth highest-grossing film of 2007 worldwide behind Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's EndHarry Potter and the Order of the PhoenixSpider-Man 3, and Shrek the Third. The film was released in ten international markets on June 28, 2007, including Australia, New Zealand,Singapore and the PhilippinesTransformers made $29.5 million in its first weekend, topping the box office in ten countries.

Meaning & Purpose
In order for a film to be successful, the filmmakers have to identify the audience who are most likely to see the film. There are many factors that can be used to determine whether or not a person will want to see a movie, and some are listed below in relation to Transformers

(a) Gender

This set of movies is suitable for all genders but the audience is mainly male because is a science fiction film and the characters are very mechanized and passionate, normally men like this kind of movie more than women.This movie is geared more towards males than females. It appeals to those who like machines and explosions. That is not to say that females do not enjoy these things, but that these things are typically associated with males and are enjoyed more often by male populations. Also, the main character, Sam, is a boy who must come into age as a “man” so to speak by taking on the responsibility he is faced with. This is relatable as everyone goes through similar trials in their lives, but it is still geared mostly towards males because of the male protagonist. The use of the actress Megan Fox also indicates that this film is made more for males. At the time the movie was made, she was one of the most popular and beautiful actresses in Hollywood, whereas the lead male has typically played goofy characters and is not really seen as a sex symbol. 

(b)Age

These films are intended for an adult audience with a junior high maturity level as there are some bloody and violent scenes.The film is rated PG-13, which is interesting because it draws upon an old cartoon series and toys that children would have watched and played with. Perhaps assuming that the population who grew up with transformers are now old enough to enjoy a more adult film, the rating is PG-13 for action, violence, sexual humour and foul language. Young adults and adults would be the target age-group for this film. The soundtrack also seems to be built with a hint of nostalgia and with the goal of attracting an adult audience. Featuring bands that were more popular in the 1990s and early 2000s, such as Linkin Park, Smashing Pumpkins, Disturbed, The Goo Goo Dolls, The Used and more, these bands are meant to evoke feelings from the viewers youth and for them to associate the music they used to listen to with this new movie. 

(c)Lifestyle

The target audience are the people who loves American action movies and who likes to watch wars or disaster movies. In this movie there are lots of creative inventions so it can attract the group of Science and technology enthusiasts. It also has 3D version, it is an very nice visual experience.Because this film draws on preexisting characters, stories, and a whole franchise, but also because it is geared more towards adult males, they are appealing to an audience that would be nostalgic about the film’s existence. The film also appeals to people who want excitement and action in the two hours they spend sitting in a movie theatre. Perhaps these people lack that excitement in their own lives, or perhaps they simply like that kind of spectacle. Either way, they’re also drawing on people who would like to go to movies in groups because it is meant to be fun and entertaining, rather than sad or pensive. Because it is geared towards adults, it is also assumed that they have the spending power to see the movie, which is perhaps why they did not make this film for children. They may have wanted to make use of a bigger budget with a higher pay off by appealing to adults. 

(d)Spending Power

Transformers has lots of models or toys. They are really attractive for teenagers or even adults. Therefore, it's a good choice to buy a transformer for the children as a gift, fathers will gladly to play these models with their children as well.
There are so many different products evolved from transformers such as puzzles, clocks, bottles, T-shirts, etc. the products can meet nearly all our needs. So the transformers lovers who has certain economic strength will spend lots of money on these for sure.